Brazilian Election Winners and Sitting Members of Congress

Retrieves the candidates elected in Brazilian municipal and general elections since 2018, consolidated from the open data of the Superior Electoral Court (TSE, < https://dadosabertos.tse.jus.br/>) and distributed as yearly Parquet files, together with the federal deputies and senators currently serving according to the open data APIs of the Chamber of Deputies (< https://dadosabertos.camara.leg.br/>) and the Federal Senate (< https://www12.senado.leg.br/dados-abertos>). Election results and current office holding are kept as distinct queries; electoral roles, service history and provenance are preserved. Every function returns a tibble with English column names and has a Portuguese alias.

electedBR

electedBR answers two different questions about Brazilian politics and keeps them apart:

• Who was elected? Candidates elected in municipal (2020, 2024) and general (2018, 2022) elections, from president and governors to councilors, running mates included, consolidated from the open data of the Superior Electoral Court (TSE) into one small Parquet file per year, hosted on Hugging Face.
• Who is serving now? Federal deputies and senators currently in service, from the open data APIs of the Chamber of Deputies and the Federal Senate, plus the official service history of each member. For mayors and governors, who have no such API, a curated table of office-holding events (resignations, successions) can be applied to the election results as of a date.

Every function returns a tibble with English column names, and every function has a Portuguese alias.

Installation

# install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("StrategicProjects/electedBR")

Election results

library(electedBR)

# Mayors elected in Pernambuco in 2024
get_mayors(state = "PE", municipality = c("Recife", "Caruaru"))
consultar_prefeitos(uf = "PE", municipio = c("Recife", "Caruaru"))

# Councilors, by party, including the alternates classified by the TSE
get_councilors(state = "PE", municipality = "Recife", party = c("PT", "PSB"),
               include_alternates = TRUE)

# General elections: statewide and nationwide offices
get_elected(2022, state = "PE", office = "federal_deputy")
get_elected(2022, state = "PE", office = c("governor", "vice_governor"))
get_elected(2022, office = c("president", "vice_president"))
consultar_eleitos(2022, uf = "PE", cargo = "SENADOR")

The first query for a year downloads its file (about 1 MB for a general election, up to 25 MB for a municipal one) into the cache directory; later queries read the local copy. By default the cache is a folder under tempdir() and vanishes with the session. To keep the files, set the ELECTEDBR_CACHE_DIR environment variable or the electedBR.cache_dir option, for example:

options(electedBR.cache_dir = tools::R_user_dir("electedBR", "cache"))
``` `elected_years` lists the files, their checksums and build dates.

Columns: `year`, `election_id`, `round`, `state`, `municipality_tse_id`,
`municipality`, `office`, `candidate_id`, `ticket_candidate_id`, `name`,
`ballot_name`, `party_at_election`, `election_status`, `votes`, `reference`.

What the results mean:

* Votes are summed over electoral zones and, for statewide offices, over
  municipalities; the municipal columns are then `NA` and `municipality`
  cannot be used as a filter. President and vice president have `state = NA`
  too (votes summed nationwide, including votes cast abroad).
* Running mates (vice president, vice governors, vice mayors) have no votes
  of their own: they come from the TSE candidates file, with `votes = NA`
  and `ticket_candidate_id` pointing to the head of their ticket.
* The last round available for each candidate is kept, and elections with
  different TSE codes (ordinary and supplementary polls) are never merged.
* `include_alternates = TRUE` adds the `SUPLENTE` rows of the TSE file. This
  is the classification at the poll, not a current substitution queue, and
  Senate ticket alternates (who have no votes of their own) are not covered.
* Municipality names are matched exactly, ignoring accents and case; codes
  are TSE codes, not IBGE codes. `party_at_election` is the party at the
  time of the election.
* Being elected does not mean being in office today: use the functions
  below for that.

`normalize_elected()` is the function that builds the yearly files and is
exported, so the same rules can be applied to a fresh TSE download (for
example from `electionsBR`).

### Who holds the office on a given date?

The TSE files describe the poll and never change afterwards. Resignations,
deaths, removals and successions are recorded in a small curated table,
`get_officeholding_events()`, served next to the yearly files and updated on
demand (every row cites its source; pull requests are welcome). `as_of`
applies it:

``` r
# Recife: the mayor elected in 2024 resigned on 2026-04-02 to run for
# governor; the vice mayor took office on 2026-04-06
get_elected(state = "PE", municipality = "Recife",
            office = c("mayor", "vice_mayor"), as_of = "2026-06-01")
#> status_as_of: "resignation" for the mayor, "succession" for the vice mayor,
#> whose office_as_of becomes "mayor"

An official without a recorded event gets status_as_of = "no_change_recorded", which means exactly that, not that they are in office.

Sitting members of Congress

get_senators(state = "PE")
get_deputies(state = c("PE", "PB"), party = "PSB", role = "alternate")
consultar_deputados(uf = "PE", condicao = "suplente")

senators <- get_senators(state = "PE")
get_service_history(senators$person_id[[1]])
consultar_historico_exercicio("camara:204379")

• mandate_role (principal, alternate, unknown) is the electoral condition; exercise_status is the service status. Alternates currently serving are listed. Columns ending in _raw keep the source label.
• person_id is namespaced by house (camara:204379, senado:5322); it is not a TSE identifier and no matching by name is attempted between sources.
• The Senate publishes service periods (record_type = "service_period", with exercise_start and exercise_end); the Chamber publishes status records (record_type = "status_record", with record_at). The package preserves the difference instead of inferring dates.
• Results are cached for six hours (max_age_hours, refresh = TRUE), and every completed collection is kept as an immutable snapshot under cache_dir/snapshots/. A network or schema failure raises an error rather than returning expired data.
• Without state, get_deputies() issues one detail request per deputy; the first national call takes a few minutes.

Both interfaces return the same tibbles, with English columns.

Architecture

Election results are built on demand from the TSE files (which change only when the TSE publishes or revises them) and hosted outside the package; office-holding changes live in a curated table that can be refreshed without a package release; sitting members of Congress are queried live with a short cache. The three never feed each other.

Data sources

• TSE, Resultados and Candidatos: https://dadosabertos.tse.jus.br/dataset/resultados-2024, https://dadosabertos.tse.jus.br/dataset/candidatos-2024 (and 2018, 2020, 2022). Yearly files and events table: https://huggingface.co/datasets/mlkwy/electedBR.
• Chamber of Deputies open data API: https://dadosabertos.camara.leg.br/swagger/api.html
• Federal Senate open data: https://legis.senado.leg.br/dadosabertos/

Related packages

• electionsBR downloads the raw TSE files (candidates, votes by zone and section, coalitions, assets).
• congressbr wraps the Chamber and Senate APIs for bills, votes and speeches.

Citation

citation("electedBR")